The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the French league winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.